Policy reforms refer to changes made to existing laws or regulations to improve their effectiveness or address new challenges. These reforms can occur in various sectors, such as education, healthcare, or the economy, and are often driven by the need for modernization or to respond to public demand. Governments or organizations typically initiate policy reforms through research, public consultations, and analysis of current policies. The goal is to create more efficient systems that better serve the needs of the population, such as enhancing access to services or promoting fairness in society.