Polar-orbiting satellites are spacecraft that travel in orbits passing over the Earth's poles. This allows them to cover the entire surface of the Earth as the planet rotates beneath them. They typically orbit at altitudes between 700 and 800 kilometers, providing detailed images and data for various applications, including weather monitoring and environmental studies. These satellites are crucial for gathering information about the Earth's atmosphere, land, and oceans. They are often used by organizations like NASA and NOAA to track climate change, natural disasters, and other phenomena. Their unique orbits enable them to collect consistent and comprehensive data over time.