The polar regions are the areas located at the Earth's extreme north and south, known as the Arctic and Antarctic. These regions are characterized by their cold temperatures, ice-covered landscapes, and unique ecosystems. The Arctic includes parts of countries like Canada, Russia, and Greenland, while the Antarctic is a continent surrounded by the Southern Ocean. In these regions, sunlight varies dramatically throughout the year, leading to phenomena like the Midnight Sun and polar night. The polar regions are home to specialized wildlife, such as polar bears in the Arctic and penguins in the Antarctic, which have adapted to survive in these harsh environments.