A pleural biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect a small sample of tissue from the pleura, which is the thin membrane surrounding the lungs. This procedure is often performed when doctors suspect conditions like infections, tumors, or other lung diseases. The sample helps in diagnosing the underlying issue, allowing for appropriate treatment. During the biopsy, a doctor may use a needle to extract tissue or fluid from the pleural space. This can be done using imaging techniques like ultrasound or CT scans to guide the needle accurately. The results from the biopsy can provide crucial information about the patient's health.