Phytochromes are light-sensitive proteins found in plants that help them detect and respond to light. They play a crucial role in regulating various growth processes, such as seed germination, flowering, and shade avoidance. By absorbing red and far-red light, phytochromes can switch between two forms, allowing plants to adapt to their light environment. These proteins are essential for plants to optimize their growth and development. For instance, when a plant senses nearby competition for light, phytochromes trigger elongation of stems to reach sunlight. This ability to sense light conditions helps plants thrive in diverse environments.