Physical punishment refers to the use of physical force with the intention of causing pain or discomfort as a form of discipline. Common methods include spanking, hitting, or slapping. This approach is often used by parents or caregivers to correct behavior in children, but it can lead to negative emotional and psychological effects. Research indicates that physical punishment may not be effective in promoting long-term behavioral change. Instead, it can increase aggression, anxiety, and other behavioral issues in children. Many experts advocate for alternative discipline methods, such as positive reinforcement or time-outs, to encourage better behavior without physical harm.