Photolysis is a chemical process where light energy breaks down molecules. This process is essential in various natural phenomena, such as photosynthesis, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. In photolysis, the energy from light causes bonds within a molecule to break, resulting in smaller molecules or free radicals. This reaction can occur in different environments, including the atmosphere, where it helps in the breakdown of pollutants, and in water, where it can affect the composition of aquatic ecosystems.