Photography techniques refer to the various methods and practices used to capture images effectively. Common techniques include composition, which involves arranging elements within the frame for visual appeal, and exposure, which controls the amount of light hitting the camera sensor. Other techniques include focus, determining which parts of the image are sharp, and lighting, which affects the mood and clarity of the photograph. Additionally, photographers often use techniques like long exposure to capture motion over time, creating effects like smooth water or light trails. Depth of field is another important technique, allowing photographers to isolate subjects by blurring the background. Mastering these techniques enhances the overall quality of photographs.