Phospholipase C is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cell signaling. It is responsible for breaking down a specific type of lipid called phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) found in cell membranes. This process generates two important signaling molecules: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which help transmit signals within the cell. The activation of phospholipase C is often triggered by various hormones or growth factors binding to their respective receptors on the cell surface. Once activated, the resulting IP3 and DAG can lead to various cellular responses, including the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of protein kinase C, influencing numerous physiological processes.