Philosophical movements are organized systems of thought that explore fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, and reality. These movements often arise in response to historical, cultural, or scientific developments and can influence various fields, including politics, art, and science. Examples include Existentialism, which focuses on individual freedom and choice, and Rationalism, which emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge. Each philosophical movement typically has key figures who contribute to its development. For instance, Immanuel Kant is central to Transcendental Idealism, while Friedrich Nietzsche is known for his critiques of morality within Existentialism. These movements shape how people understand their world and themselves.