Phases refer to distinct stages in a process or cycle. For example, the lunar cycle consists of several phases, including the new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Each phase represents a different appearance of the moon as it orbits the Earth, influenced by the positions of the Earth, moon, and sun. In science, phases can also describe states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has unique properties and behaviors. For instance, water can exist as ice (solid), liquid water, or steam (gas), depending on temperature and pressure conditions. Understanding phases helps explain various natural phenomena.