permutation test
A permutation test is a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant difference between two groups. It works by repeatedly rearranging the data points between the groups to create a distribution of possible outcomes. This helps to assess the likelihood of observing the actual difference in the data if there were no real effect.
In a permutation test, the original data is shuffled many times, and the test statistic (like the mean difference) is calculated for each shuffle. By comparing the observed test statistic to this distribution, researchers can estimate the p-value, helping them decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.