Peripherals are external devices that connect to a computer to enhance its functionality. Common examples include keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. These devices allow users to input data, output information, or perform specific tasks that the computer alone cannot do. Peripherals can be categorized into input devices, which help users enter data, and output devices, which display or produce results. Some peripherals, like external hard drives and USB flash drives, provide additional storage options. Others, such as webcams and microphones, enable communication and multimedia capabilities.