Peripeteia is a literary term that refers to a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, particularly in a dramatic work. It often occurs when a character experiences a significant shift in their situation, leading to unexpected outcomes. This concept is commonly found in classical tragedies, where the protagonist's fate dramatically alters due to their actions or decisions. In the context of Aristotle's theories on drama, peripeteia is crucial for creating tension and emotional impact. It serves to highlight the unpredictability of life and the consequences of human choices. This element can enhance the audience's engagement and provoke deeper reflections on the narrative's themes.