Pathways are intricate networks of biochemical reactions that occur within living organisms. They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular functions and overall homeostasis. For instance, metabolic pathways convert nutrients into energy, enabling cells to perform essential tasks. In addition to metabolism, pathways also include signaling pathways that help cells communicate and respond to their environment. These pathways involve various molecules, such as proteins and hormones, that relay signals and trigger specific cellular responses. Understanding these pathways is vital for advancements in fields like medicine and biotechnology.