Particle detectors are devices used to observe and measure particles, such as electrons, protons, and other subatomic entities. They play a crucial role in fields like particle physics and nuclear physics, helping scientists understand the fundamental components of matter and the forces that govern their interactions. These detectors work by capturing the energy and momentum of particles as they pass through. Common types include scintillation detectors, which use light to signal the presence of particles, and wire chambers, which detect charged particles through ionization. By analyzing the data collected, researchers can gain insights into the universe's building blocks.