Partial fraction decomposition is a technique used in algebra to break down a complex rational function into simpler fractions. This method is particularly useful when integrating functions or solving equations, as it allows for easier manipulation and calculation. The goal is to express a fraction in the form of simpler fractions whose denominators are factors of the original denominator. To perform partial fraction decomposition, the first step is to factor the denominator into its irreducible components. Then, each factor is assigned a corresponding fraction with unknown coefficients. By equating the original function to the sum of these simpler fractions and solving for the coefficients, one can rewrite the function in a more manageable form, facilitating further analysis or integration.