The parathyroid glands are small, pea-sized organs located in the neck, usually behind the thyroid gland. They play a crucial role in regulating the body's calcium levels by producing a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone helps maintain the right balance of calcium in the blood, which is essential for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves. When calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands release more PTH, prompting the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream. They also signal the kidneys to retain calcium and the intestines to absorb more from food. This delicate balance is vital for overall health and well-being.