Parallel cinema refers to a movement in Indian filmmaking that emerged in the 1950s, characterized by its focus on realistic storytelling and social issues. Unlike mainstream commercial films, parallel cinema often features unconventional narratives, strong character development, and a more artistic approach to filmmaking. This genre is known for its emphasis on the struggles of the common man and often critiques societal norms. Notable filmmakers associated with parallel cinema include Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Mrinal Sen, who have created influential works that highlight the complexities of life in India.