Papakāinga refers to a traditional Māori concept of communal living, often associated with ancestral land. It typically involves a group of homes built on land that is owned collectively by a whānau (family) or hapū (sub-tribe). This arrangement fosters strong community ties and cultural connections, allowing families to live close to one another and maintain their heritage. In a papakāinga, the focus is on sustainable living and the well-being of the community. It often includes shared resources, such as gardens and communal spaces, promoting cooperation and support among residents. This model reflects the Māori values of kinship, stewardship of the land, and collective responsibility.