Panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects cats, particularly kittens. It is caused by the feline parvovirus, which attacks the bone marrow and intestines, leading to a severe decrease in white blood cells. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy, and the disease can be fatal if not treated promptly. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent panleukopenia. The vaccine is typically included in the core vaccination schedule for cats, helping to protect them from this serious illness. Early detection and supportive care are crucial for improving the chances of recovery in infected animals.