Pair programming is a collaborative software development technique where two programmers work together at one computer. One person, known as the "driver," writes the code while the other, called the "navigator," reviews each line and provides suggestions. This approach encourages real-time feedback and helps catch errors early in the coding process. The benefits of pair programming include improved code quality, enhanced problem-solving skills, and increased knowledge sharing between team members. It fosters communication and teamwork, making it easier for developers to learn from each other and adapt to different coding styles and techniques.