The "p-값" (p-value) is a statistical measure that helps determine the significance of results in hypothesis testing. It indicates the probability of observing the data, or something more extreme, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A lower p-value suggests stronger evidence against the null hypothesis. In scientific research, a common threshold for significance is a p-value of 0.05. If the p-value is below this threshold, researchers may reject the null hypothesis, indicating that the results are statistically significant. This helps in making informed decisions based on data analysis in various fields, including psychology, medicine, and economics.