Output variables are the results or outcomes produced by a process, model, or system. In the context of data analysis or programming, these variables represent the final values that are generated after input data is processed. For example, in a mathematical equation, the output variable is the solution derived from the input values. In machine learning, output variables are often referred to as target variables. They are the specific values that a model aims to predict based on input features. For instance, in a housing price prediction model, the output variable would be the estimated price of a house based on various input factors like size, location, and number of bedrooms.