Oscillations refer to the repetitive back-and-forth movement of an object around a central point or equilibrium position. This motion can be seen in various systems, such as a swinging pendulum, vibrating string, or the motion of a spring. The time it takes to complete one full cycle of movement is called the period, while the maximum distance from the central point is known as the amplitude. In physics, oscillations can be classified into two main types: simple harmonic motion and damped oscillations. Simple harmonic motion occurs when the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement, leading to a smooth, regular motion. Damped oscillations, on the other hand, involve a gradual reduction in amplitude over time due to energy loss, often caused by friction or air resistance.