Nucleic acids are essential molecules found in all living organisms, playing a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information. The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries the instructions needed for the growth, development, and functioning of life, while RNA helps in translating those instructions into proteins. These molecules are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes the genetic information, much like letters form words. Understanding nucleic acids is vital for fields like genetics, biotechnology, and medicine.