Nuclear technologies refer to the methods and processes that utilize nuclear reactions to generate energy or produce various materials. The most common application is in nuclear power plants, where controlled nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium atoms produces heat, which is then used to generate electricity. In addition to energy production, nuclear technologies are also used in medicine, such as in radiotherapy for cancer treatment, and in industry for radiography to inspect materials. These technologies can also be applied in research, such as in nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, to explore the properties of atomic and subatomic particles.