Nuclear matter refers to the dense state of matter found in atomic nuclei, primarily composed of protons and neutrons. These particles are held together by the strong nuclear force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. The interactions between these particles are crucial for understanding the stability and behavior of atomic nuclei. In extreme conditions, such as those found in neutron stars, nuclear matter can exist in a different form, where neutrons dominate and the density is incredibly high. Studying nuclear matter helps scientists learn more about fundamental physics, including the processes that occur during nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.