A "not guilty plea" is a formal statement made by a defendant in a criminal case, indicating that they deny the charges against them. This plea asserts that the defendant believes they did not commit the crime they are accused of, and it sets the stage for a trial where evidence will be presented to determine their guilt or innocence. When a defendant enters a not guilty plea, they are entitled to a fair trial under the law. This process involves presenting evidence, calling witnesses, and allowing a judge or jury to decide the outcome based on the facts of the case, ensuring that the rights of the accused are protected throughout the legal proceedings.