Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of medications commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. They work by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX), which play a key role in the production of prostaglandins—chemicals that promote inflammation and pain. Common examples of NSAIDs include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. NSAIDs are often used to treat conditions such as arthritis, muscle pain, and headaches. While they are effective for many people, they can have side effects, including stomach irritation and increased risk of bleeding. It is important to use them as directed and consult a healthcare professional if needed.