Non-verbal communication refers to the ways people convey messages without using words. This includes body language, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact. For example, a smile can indicate friendliness, while crossed arms may suggest defensiveness. These signals can enhance or contradict verbal messages, making them an essential part of human interaction. Additionally, non-verbal cues can vary significantly across different cultures. What is considered polite in one culture may be seen as rude in another. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective communication, especially in diverse settings where people from various backgrounds, such as different countries or ethnic groups, interact.