Neutrinoless double beta decay is a rare nuclear process that occurs when a nucleus emits two electrons but no neutrinos. This phenomenon is significant because it could provide insights into the nature of neutrinos and help determine whether they are their own antiparticles, a concept known as Majorana particles. If observed, neutrinoless double beta decay would imply that neutrinos have mass and could help explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Experiments are ongoing to detect this decay, as it could have profound implications for particle physics and our understanding of the fundamental forces in nature.