Neurological diseases are disorders that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. These conditions can disrupt normal functioning, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, movement difficulties, and changes in behavior. Common examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. The causes of neurological diseases can vary widely, ranging from genetic factors to environmental influences. Diagnosis often involves medical history, neurological exams, and imaging tests like MRI or CT scans. Treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.