Nerve cells, also known as neurons, are specialized cells in the body that transmit information. They communicate through electrical and chemical signals, allowing us to think, feel, and move. Each neuron has a unique structure, including a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that sends signals to other cells. These cells play a crucial role in the nervous system, which controls everything from reflexes to complex thoughts. When nerve cells work together, they form networks that help us respond to our environment. Understanding how neurons function is essential for studying conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.