Nephrotoxicity refers to the harmful effects of certain substances on the kidneys. This condition can result from exposure to various drugs, toxins, or environmental pollutants that damage kidney cells, impairing their ability to filter waste from the blood. Common causes include certain antibiotics, heavy metals, and some chemotherapy agents. Symptoms of nephrotoxicity may include decreased urine output, swelling, and elevated levels of creatinine in the blood. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent permanent kidney damage. Treatment often involves discontinuing the offending agent and providing supportive care to help the kidneys recover.