Neonatal diabetes is a rare form of diabetes that occurs in infants under six months of age. It is caused by genetic mutations that affect insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels. Unlike typical type 1 diabetes, which usually develops later in childhood or adulthood, neonatal diabetes can be permanent or transient, meaning it may resolve on its own. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to measure glucose levels and genetic testing to identify specific mutations. Treatment typically includes insulin therapy to manage blood sugar levels. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications and support healthy growth and development in affected infants.