National cultures refer to the shared values, beliefs, customs, and practices that characterize a specific country. These cultures are shaped by historical events, geography, language, and social norms, influencing how people interact and perceive the world. For example, Japanese culture emphasizes respect and harmony, while American culture often values individualism and freedom. National cultures can also manifest in various forms, such as art, music, cuisine, and traditions. These cultural expressions help to foster a sense of identity and belonging among citizens. Understanding national cultures is essential for promoting cross-cultural communication and appreciation in an increasingly globalized world.