The nail plate is the hard, visible part of the nail that covers the nail bed. It is made of a protein called keratin, which is also found in hair and skin. The nail plate protects the sensitive tissues underneath and contributes to the overall appearance of the nails. The nail plate grows from the base of the nail, where it is formed in the nail matrix. As new cells are produced, they push older cells forward, causing the nail to grow. Healthy nail plates are smooth and uniform, while issues like discoloration or ridges can indicate underlying health problems.