Musical notation is a system used to visually represent music through symbols on a staff. The staff consists of five lines and four spaces, where notes are placed to indicate pitch. Different symbols, such as quarter notes and eighth notes, represent the duration of each sound, while additional markings indicate dynamics and expression. In addition to notes, musical notation includes symbols for rests, which signify silence, and clefs, like the treble clef and bass clef, that determine the pitch range. This system allows musicians to read and perform music accurately, facilitating communication and collaboration in the art of music.