A monetáris politika refers to the strategies and actions taken by a country's central bank to control the money supply and interest rates. Its primary goals are to maintain price stability, support economic growth, and reduce unemployment. By adjusting interest rates, the central bank can influence borrowing and spending in the economy. Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States or the European Central Bank in the Eurozone, use various tools to implement monetáris politika. These tools include open market operations, reserve requirements, and discount rates. Effective monetary policy can help stabilize the economy during fluctuations.