A moment problem is a mathematical challenge that involves finding a probability distribution based on its moments, which are specific numerical values that summarize certain characteristics of the distribution. Moments can include measures like the mean, variance, and higher-order moments, which provide insights into the shape and behavior of the distribution. In essence, the goal of a moment problem is to determine whether a given set of moments corresponds to a valid probability distribution. This can be crucial in fields like statistics and physics, where understanding the underlying distribution of data or phenomena is essential for accurate modeling and analysis.