Molecular tests are laboratory techniques used to detect specific sequences of DNA or RNA in a sample. These tests can identify genetic material from pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, and are commonly used in diagnosing diseases, including infections and certain types of cancer. These tests often involve methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nucleic acid amplification, which amplify the genetic material to make it easier to analyze. Molecular tests are known for their high sensitivity and specificity, making them valuable tools in both clinical and research settings.