Molecular diagnostics is a field of medical testing that focuses on analyzing biological markers in the genome and proteome. This approach helps identify specific diseases, genetic disorders, and infections by examining DNA, RNA, or proteins. Techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing are commonly used to detect mutations or pathogens. These tests provide precise information about a patient's condition, allowing for tailored treatment plans. Molecular diagnostics can improve disease management by enabling early detection and monitoring of treatment responses. This technology is increasingly important in areas like oncology, infectious diseases, and genetic testing.