Modulation techniques are methods used to encode information onto a carrier signal for transmission over various media. This process allows data, such as voice or video, to be sent efficiently over long distances. Common modulation techniques include Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). These techniques adjust specific properties of the carrier signal, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase, to represent the information being transmitted. By using modulation, communication systems can improve signal quality, reduce interference, and maximize bandwidth, making it essential for technologies like radio, television, and wireless communication.