Modal analysis is a technique used in engineering and structural dynamics to study the natural vibration characteristics of a system. It helps identify how structures respond to forces, such as wind or earthquakes, by determining their natural frequencies and mode shapes. This information is crucial for ensuring that buildings, bridges, and other structures can withstand dynamic loads without failing. The process typically involves creating a mathematical model of the structure and then using experimental or computational methods to analyze its behavior. By understanding the modes of vibration, engineers can design safer and more efficient structures that minimize the risk of resonance and structural damage.