Mobile phone networks are systems that allow mobile devices, like smartphones, to communicate wirelessly. These networks use radio waves to transmit voice calls, text messages, and data over long distances. They consist of various components, including cell towers, base stations, and switching centers, which work together to connect users to each other and the internet. There are different types of mobile phone networks, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, each offering varying speeds and capabilities. 5G is the latest technology, providing faster data transfer and improved connectivity, enabling new applications like smart cities and autonomous vehicles.