Minimal models are simplified representations of complex systems that focus on the essential features necessary to understand their behavior. By stripping away unnecessary details, these models allow researchers to analyze fundamental principles without being overwhelmed by complexity. They are commonly used in fields like physics, biology, and economics. In physics, for example, a minimal model might describe the interactions of particles using basic forces, while ignoring other factors like temperature or external influences. This approach helps scientists identify key relationships and make predictions, serving as a foundation for more detailed studies in the future.