Microbial ecology is the study of microorganisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. This field examines how bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes influence ecosystems, including soil, water, and the human body. Understanding these relationships helps scientists learn about nutrient cycling, disease processes, and the overall health of ecosystems. Researchers in microbial ecology often focus on microbial communities, which are groups of different microorganisms living together. These communities can affect plant growth, degrade pollutants, and even impact climate change. By studying these interactions, scientists can develop strategies for environmental management and improve agricultural practices.