Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell found in various tissues, including bone marrow, fat, and muscle. They have the unique ability to differentiate into different cell types, such as bone, cartilage, and fat cells, making them important for tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs also play a role in the immune system by helping to modulate inflammation and support healing processes. Due to their versatility and regenerative properties, they are being studied for potential applications in treating conditions like arthritis, heart disease, and injuries.