A menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares the female body for potential pregnancy. It typically lasts about 28 days, but can range from 21 to 35 days. The cycle involves several phases: the menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone play key roles in regulating these phases. During the menstrual phase, the lining of the uterus sheds, resulting in menstrual bleeding. Following this, the body prepares an egg for release during ovulation. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop, leading to the start of a new cycle with menstruation.